Reaction products of an alkyleneimine and an organic carbonate



United States Patent REACTION PRODUCTS OF AN ALKYLENEHVIINE AND AN ORGANIC CARBONATE Erhart K. Drechsel, Springdale, Conn., assignor to American Cyanamid Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Maine No Drawing. Application June 28, 1954 Serial N 0. 439,923

16 Claims. (Cl. 26t977.5)

This invention relates to new and useful compositions of matter, and more particularly is concerned with compositions comprising a reaction product of ingredients comprising (1) an alkyleneimine (a monomeric or a polymeric alkyleneirnine), especially a l,2-alkyleneimine B-alkyleneirnine) wherein the nitrogen atom is unsubstituted, e. g., ethyleneimine, 1,2-propyleneimine, etc., and (2) an organic carbonate, more particularly a cyclic carbonate composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, e. g., ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, glycerol carbonate, allyl glycerol carbonate, etc. more particularly the invention is concerned with polymerizable compositions comprising a polymerizable reaction product of (l) a 1,2-a1kyleneimine wherein the nitrogen atom is unsubstituted and (2) a cyclic carbonate composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and with products comprising the polymerized composition obtained by polymerization of the aforesaid polymerizable composition. The scope of the invention also includes method features.

The reaction products of this invention are produced by what, to the best of my knowledge and belief, is a new and unique polymerization reaction. It is characterized by the reaction of two ring systems whereby one of them, namely, the organic carbonate, is cleaved by the other while at the same time introducing into the molecule of the initial reaction product a functional group, specifically a hydroxyl group. This initial reaction product of hydroxyimine can then react further with other hydroxy-imine molecules to yield a new series of polyurethanes for use in industry. These polyurethanes result from a type of polymerization reaction wherein no volatile products are formed during curing or polymerization (partial or complete polymerization) of the intermediate hydroxy-irnine. The advantages of this will be immediately apparent to those skilled in the resin art, and to users of resins in the electrically insulating, adhesive, laminating, textile-treating, paper-treating, paperadditive, surface-coating and other arts.

It was known prior to my invention that synthetic materials (both resinous and non-resinous) could be produced by reaction between an alkyleneimine (monomeric or polymeric) and various other materials. Thus, in U. S. Patent No. 2,257,162 there is described the production of synthetic resins, which are said to be stable against acids and alkalies, by reaction between a monomeric or a polymeric alkyleneimine, specifically monomeric or polymeric ethyleneimine, and an aromatic isocyanate or isothiocyanate. Also, in U. S. Patent No. 2,272,489it is suggested that the monomeric or polymeric 1,2-alkyleneimines can be caused to react with such compounds as: (l) aliphatic, hydroaromatic or heterocyclic compounds containing reactive halogen atoms, e. g., alkyl chlorides and bromides, fatty acid halides, etc.; (2) carboxylic acids, e. g., stearic, oleic, maleic, etc., acids; (3) alkylene oxides, e. g., ethylene oxide, etc.; and (4) aldehydes and/or ketones, e. g., formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benbenzaldehyde, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc., and

Still mixtures thereof. Other reaction products in which a 1,2-alkyleneimine is employed as a reactant are shown in U. S. Patent No. 2,596,200, more particularly reaction products of ethyleneimine or other 1,2-alkyleneimine with an a,fl-olefinic carboxylic acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, e. g., the acrylic, methacrylic or crotonic acid esters of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or butylene glycol.

To the best of my knowledge and belief, it was not known or suggested, prior to my invention, that ethyleneimine or any other 1,2-alkyleneimine wherein the nitrogen atom is unsubstituted could be reacted with a cyclic carbonate composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, examples of which have been given hereinbefore,

to produce a new class of synthetic materials having particular and peculiar properties that make them especially valuable for use in industry, e. g., in the plastics, coating, paper, textile, adhesive, laminating, and other arts.

Accordingly, it is one of the primary objects of the present invention to provide a new class of polymerizable and polymerized compositions for use in industry, for instance in such arts as have just been mentioned by way of example.

Another important object of the invention is to provide an intermediate reaction product which can be polymerizecl or resinified without evolving or splitting out volatile products during conversion to its ultimate form.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an intermediate reaction product of the kind mentioned in the preceding paragraph and which is further characterized by the fact that it is stable until final cure or conversion to an insoluble state is desired.

A further object of the invention is to provide a new class of polymeric materials which can be made at a relatively low cost and the properties of which can be widely varied merely by using a difierent reactant or reactants (of the same general class or classes) in the preparation. 7 1

Another object of the invention is to increase the field of utility of ethyleneimine and of other 1,2-alkyleneimines; and, also, of ethylene carbonate and other cyclic carbonates composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description and examples which follow.

The objects of the invention are accomplished, in general, by reacting ethyleneimine, or other 1,2-alkyleneimine wherein the nitrogen atom in unsubstituted, with ethylene carbonate or other cyclic carbonate composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

To the best of my knowledge and belief, any 1,2- alkyleneimine (monomeric or polymeric 1,2-alkyleneimine) can be reacted with a cyclic carbonate of the kind used in practicing the present invention to produce an intermediate hydroxy-imine which then can be polymerized to a linear polymer without evolving a volatile by-product. The reaction product of the aforesaid l,2-alkyleneimine and cyclic carbonate is characterized, when in linear polymeric form, by the fact that it contains reactive terminal groups, one of which is hydroxy and the other of which is the residue of the 1,2- alkyleneimine reactant. Illustrative examples of the 1,2- alkyleneimine (a, 8-alkylene'imines) are:

I OH:

Ethyle neimlne II /CHCH: HsCr-OH2C(i7H-(|JH:

HN u 0 7 CH: 7 V C 1,2-propy1eneimine g V I V m Allyl glycerol carbonate (l-al]yloxymethy1-2-oxo-1,3-dio1rolanet; HN 4-allyloxymethyl 1,3 nioxolane2-one; -allyloxymethylketo-1,3-dioxo1ane) i CH1 xrv CHs-CHCH-OH:4 7 ti 7 V 1,2-butyleneimine m r l' V 1v 7 err-0H1 cH- e'HiT' 'j A gg m 2,3-buty1ene carbonate v 1 XV CQH5 JH''?H'CEH, h I" tC H V V HN \CH: d t v 1 1,1-dimethyle'th'yleneim1ne 3,4-heiy1ene carbonate VI /CHC4 n XVI Caron-(Inn HN\ o o 7 CH, 3 \C/ V C-butylethyleneimine VII H- H 1' r 0 Cu t Bntylene cnrbonate a XVII oar-on-on-Q'm V 1 CH2 f t Y t (ildodecylethyleneimine vnr V V7 err-e133 r V 7 7 4,5-octy1ene carbonate V C-octadec'ylethyleneimine V v XVIII /Q{[\g aiidpolymers of the aforementioned monomeric 1,2- CE; 03, i allryleneirnines. ;Other examples will be apparent *to those skilled the-art from the; examples just given and I 1 their forn lulas; A preferred class of 1,2-alkyleneimines (rnonorneric or polymeric l,2-alkyleneimines) employed in prgcticing the present invention may be represented, in 40 V monomencform by the general formula llzwyclopenmene carbonate IX CH-CR XIX i '/VOH,; 'C2

HN\ 7 V r V V H2C\ /CH2 N a V l- P B"; V 011-011 where R and R each represents a member of the class 0 consisting of hydrogen and alkyl radicals, the latter bein V V thejsanie 'or different but preferably the same. 7 V r V 7 Likewise, to the'be'st'of my knowledge and belief, any 1 M e v: e o I tcyclic carbonate composed of, carbon, hydrogen and 1,2-c c1onexy1ene carbonate oxygen atoi ns can'befrea'cted with a 1,'2-alkyle'neimine'of 7 g; C

' in practicing this 'inventionjt'd'produce an r t mterniedrate hydroxyr-inaine which then eanbel'poly'mer 2 iz'edto a-1ineanpolymer-without evolving a volatile by product. lllus trntive exanaples of -cyclic- 'cerbonates that w r can betlsed practicing the present invention are: 7 X 7 V i V H:( J t HZ ll .1 7 p 0 l t r o 3 V V V 7 Phenylene carbo nat etjcatechol carbonate) V t a t j p Other egiemples of cychc carbonates coniposed ofear- 1 r l 1 bon, hydrogen and voxygen atc nns w ll be apperentto t 7 r 7 t 7 w Ethylene carbonate e in the art from the ex mp s 5 elven and x1: Hfi +fi V theirforniulas, :One preferred class of lcyelic carbonates v t H f Q 0 'nsed in pract-icing thepresent invention may be represented V j" V bythe general formula A o w; p i C' V AH V V .H .7

7Q XXI i i t li l icer ontm 7 p J V a- "HO-H,c-cH- -oH, W 4 p p ,-t, 1 vvhereR -andl leach. represents a member of'ithe t clnss V i Glvee'rbl 'aibdiiat consisting of hydrogen and elkylredicnls and, whentalren 5 together, represent an alkylene radical containing at least two carbon atoms, e. g., CH CH CH CH CH etc. ,Another preferred class of cyclic carbonates used in practicing the present invention may be represented by the general formula where R" represents a member of the class consisting of hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon radicals. Illustrative examples of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals represented by R" are: aliphatic (e. g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec.-butyl, butenyl, amyl, isoamyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, allyl, methallyl, crotyl, oleyl, linalyl, etc.) including cycloaliphatic (e. g., cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, etc.); aryl (e. g., phenyl, biphenylyl or xenyl, naphthyl, etc.) aliphatic-substituted aryl (e. g., tolyl, xylyl, ethylphenyl, Z-butenylphenyl, tert.- butylphenyl, etc.); and aryl-substituted aliphatic (e. g., benzyl, cinnamyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, etc.).

Other examples of cyclic carbonates that can be used are the arylene carbonates, e. g., phenylene carbonate, 2,3- and 3,4-tolylene carbonates, 2,3-o-,-mand p-xylene, 3,4-o-xylylene carbonates, etc.

In the foregoing illustrative examples of cyclic carbonates it will be noted that the ring oxygen atoms adjacent the carbonyl grouping are each bonded to a ring carbon atom, and that the ring containing the said oxygen and carbon atoms has only three carbon atoms and no carbon-to-carbon unsaturation.

The reaction between a cyclic carbonate and a 1,2- alkyleneimine of the kinds used in practicing the present invention may be illustrated by the following equation, wherein the cyclic carbonate is taken for illustrative purposes as one represented by the general formula ethyleneimine is taken as illustrative of a 1,2-alkyleneimine:

XXIV

RCH-CH: CH2

E CH2 CE; I H KOCH-CHz-O-C- In the foregoing equation n represents a number having an average value of at least 1, and which may range, for instance, from about 5 to about 2,000 or even as high as 5,000 or more.

The initial reaction products of this invention are generally soluble in water, or in other solvents, but become insoluble upon further advancement of polymerization,

that is, become substantially cured. Many of the synthetic compositions of this invention, as initially prepared, are thermosetting (or potentially thermosetting) in nature and can be cured under heat in the form of films or moldings Without the aid of a curing catalyst.

The proportions of the reactants can be widely varied depending, for example, upon the particular starting reactants employed and the conditions of the reaction. In general, approximately equal molar proportions are employed when a monomeric alkyleneimine is the nitrogenous compound employed. With a polymeric alkyleneimine the proportions are not critical, but in general they are such that at least one -NH or Am group is present in the molecule for each molecule of cyclic carbonate employed.

The temperature of the reaction also can be varied considerably depending, for instance, upon the particular reactants employed, the rapidity of the reaction wanted, the particular properties desired in the reaction product, and other influencing factors. For example, the reaction temperature can be varied from room temperature (20- 30 C.) up to about 100 0., preferably not higher than about 45 or 50 C. if the reaction can be caused to proceed at the lower temperatures. The reaction mass is cooled, if necessary, in order to keep the temperature thereof to the optimum temperature of reaction.

The reaction can be efiected in the absence of a solvent or other additive, or in the presence of (i. e., intimately associated with) a relatively inert solvent, for instance: an aromatic hydrocarbon, e. g., benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.; various oxygenated compounds, e. g., dioxane, diethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl and other dialkyl ethers, 1,2-dimethoxy ethane, 1,2-diethoxy ethane, dialkyl formals and acetals (for instance, diethyl formal, dipropyl formal, dibutyl formal, diethyl acetal, dipropyl acetal, etc.; and various chlorinated compounds, e. g., chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dichloride and chlorobenzenes. An excess of the imine reactant over stoichiometrical proportions may constitute the medium in which the reaction is eflected. The inert or active liquid medium or additive, if employed, can be used in any suitable amount ranging, for instance, from 0.1 to 40 or 50 times that of the weight of the primary reactants (cyclic carbonate and imine in reactive proportions). Good results have been obtained when the liquid reaction medium was employed in an amount such that the primary reactants constituted from about 25% to about 75% by weight of the reaction mass. At the end of the reaction period, the inert or unreacted liquid medium is then removed from the reaction mass by any suitable means, for example by distillation, decantation, etc., or the solid reaction product can be separated from the liquid component of the reaction mass by filtration, centrifuging, etc.

In order that those skilled in the art may better understand hoW the present invention can be carried into effect, the following examples are given by way of illustration and not by way of limitation. All parts and percentages are by weight.

Example 1 Approx Parts Molar Ratio Glycerol carbonate 59. 0 1 Ethylenelmlne 21. 5 1

The ethyleneimine is added slowly .to the glycerol carbonate at room temperature. The reaction is slightly exothermic at room temperature, and after standing for about 2 hours the temperature rises from 28 C. to about C. The temperature then rises rapidly from about 90 95 C. to 225 C., yielding a polymerization product in the form of a tough, rubbery mass.

temperature. A e V A heated in a 'hot water bath" (about 40'50 C.),- the ExamplezQQ T i V 1 ap rise H Par-ts J/Iolar I Ratio p 4, r V i Ethylene carhonateu u J 44. 1- Ethylenetmine; i;l 21. 1

e Ilie ethyleneimine is added slowly to the ethylene;ca.rbonatejat room {temperature (fl-30 (3.), There is no evidence ofan exothermic reaction taking place at room V Hoyveven when the reaction 'mixture is reaction proceeds smoothlytas shownby a T temperature ,difierential betweenthe temperature'of the reaction thiassandtha f'of the water bath)? After heating for 4 hours, an increase in yiscosity isjnoted; and the clear liquid becornes opaque, After'standing for about :16

hours the reactionproduct -is a white, viscous, opaque mass. tAn' electrometric titra'tion indicates that the re' action has; proceeded to about 935% of completion.

Their'eaction product, 'at this stage, is 'still solublein 'water, When a -sample of'thereaction product is heated ona hot-'plate at-about 150 C., it fuses andtcures immediately to water-insoluble'state without discoloration.

The curved productis ":a hard, white solid at room temperature. V V V 1 Example *3 f V 7 Approx. t v j 1 7 Parts Molar Ratio 7 Allyl glycerol carhonate .l V, 790 V 1 Ethylenetrnine t; t z V 21.5 '1

'ljhetsame procedure is followed 'as described in the preceding examples. However, after the reaction mixa cure has been heated at 4040 C. for 4' hours, the tem- 7 perature is then raised to about 509-60 C. The reaction imineover aperiodiof'lhour. fAnjexo'thermicir'eac viscosityz increase is-;-nbted; Upon eoolingithefprdduct turns .iqpaqa. A film-castfrom taiwaterisolution of tli product and to which ,has be e11 addeda fewgdrops of acetic acid gives agglossy film upo air-drying. ,I he'dried film extremelyhardfand mar resistant.

-Example 5 t 7 V i I 7 Approx.,

-Pa'rts- Molar" V 1 {Ratio Phenylene carbonate." 7136' 1 Ethyleneimiueun 43 1 Dioxane (purified)-.- 136 To a solution of the phenylene carbonate; (l36;parts) dissolved in thedioxane(136 parts), at C., there is gradually added 43 parts of cold,(10 C ethylene-j quickly carries the reaction mixture ,to 3591C; j bu 7 is readily controlled (e. g., by ,immersingk the reaction vessel in'awater bjath so that the tem eratureiSYmain- V 'tained at C. (plus or minus 3? 0.). ,After-alllof proceeds more slu'ggishly than thereaction between ethyl eneimine and ethylene carbonate as evidenced by the fact that after heating. 'for 4 hours at 40'50 C; there is.

' only a Stempefature differential between the reaction mass andthat of the water bath. V Atter-heatingtfor a total of 7 hoursgthe reaction productisapleatg-viscous liquid which is soluble in alcohols,

e. g., methyl, ethyl and propyl'aleohols, orv in such alcoholsdiluted withwater, but is substantially insoluble in water-itself; [An electrometric titrationindicates that the rea ctionhasproceeded to 57% of completion On standing ,ttheireaction product increases in viscosity buticon- 'tihuesto remairtclear. t

t 7 ,Approx. Parts t Molar t 1 Ratio Propylene carbonate 51.0 1 V V Ethyleneimine; V 21.5 V l.

E ssen'tially the same procedure'is followed as described i in thepreceding examples. Thejreaction proceeds at about the sarne rate as does -the'reaction between ethyleneimine 'andal'lylfglycerol' caroonatef' As in Example 3, so too this example thereis only a 31: temperaturedifferential after the reaction mixture has beenheated for .4 hours at;about 4()"--5 )f CLAtter heating? hours :at this tem-- perat-ure, the reaction mass is ailowed to standlfor about 16 -hours-atrood temperature. At the end ofjthis period are e a-subhg arhmoniacal 'odorindicates that the reaction is incomplete; 'The reactioninass is thenhea te'd" iforisabonti 3 hourst ,v V. a viscous than the mixture of starting materials, indicating that the reaction has proceeded With a moderatebetween the' reaction 'rnass and thatof :the Water bath;

trolled iby irnmersing the reactionvesselvin' a coldiwa'f the'ethylen'eimine has been added, the reaction massyis stirred'for an additional hour While maintainingzthe temperature'at 30-407C. During this periodva perceptiblelincrease in the viscosity of the solution isnotedo Whena sample of the resulting solution is casts'ona glass, orimetal plateand allowed toair dry, followedlby 1 baking for ISVminutes -at C.,;tlrere' islobtaineda: clear, hard, light-colored filmewhich'is resistant tojdi- 'lu't e a cetic acidt solutions. V i V i lThelreactiontproduct 'of thisjeirample mayjberujsedns a component of paints and other coating compositions,

or as anv adhesive, atlaminating composition, ;or in simi- To a solution of 57 parts of the aforementioned poly;

rrneric ethyleneimine (a water-soluble polymeric. ethylene-t imine) dissolved in 57 parts of .diethylformal and maintained at 25-359C; there is gradually added 102parts of propylene carbonate over aperiod of 30,1ninutes,

The exothermic reaction which" occurs is readilyflcoib tcr'b athQ A deep amber-colored solution'of the'rea'c in" product istobtained. This solution is considerably'in' e' degree ofpolymerization" Ihe reactiontniay be ac'cel-r erated and products of higher viscosity can be obtained, by the addition of a small amount of a,suitable catalyst; for instance an acid, and more specifically'a few drops of an organic acid, e. g., acetic acid. 7 v

The reaction product offtliis example' also may"be used as a component of'p'aints and other coating coml I positions, especially where lightness of co lor is not a matter of'primary importance. j t V Examplei 1 itppioxl ,Parts Molar i Ratio Phenylene carbonation "h 4-".'Q .,L J V la-pr u l e tfi s i The procedure is essentially the same as described under Example 5. A viscous solution of the reaction product is obtained. This solution has properties similar to the corresponding product of Example 5, and is suitable for use in coating and other compositions such as were mentioned in Ex. with reference to the product of that example.

Example 8 Approx. Parts Molar Ratio Ethylene carbonate r 44 1 1,2-butyleneimine 71 2 Essentially the same procedure is followed as described Example 9 Approx. Parts Molar Ratio Propylene carbonate 102 1 2,3-butyleneirnine 71 1 The procedure is generally the same as that described in Example 4, which, in turn, was essentially the same as that of Examples l-3. The product has properties which are much the same as the corresponding product of Example 4 and are suitable for similar applications, e. g., as a coating composition or as a component of a coating composition, as well as in adhesive, laminating, impregnating, paper-treating, textile-treating and other applications.

Example 10 Same is in Example 8 with the exception that the product is partially neutralized with acetic acid. The resulting product is suitable for use as an alkaline sizing agent in paper manufacture.

It will be understood, of course, by those skilled in the art that my invention is not limited to the specific reactants, proportions thereof and conditions of reactions given by way of illustration in the foregoing examples. Thus, instead of using a single monomeric or polymeric 1,2-alkyleneimine, wherein the nitrogen atom of the monomeric imine is unsubstituted, as a reactant with a single cyclic carbonate composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, one can use a plurality of different 1,2-alkyleneimines (in any proportions) with a single cyclic carbonate or with a plurality of'difierent cyclic carbonates in any proportions; or one can use a plurality of different cyclic carbonates with a single monomeric or polymeric 1,2-alkyleneimine of the kind used in practicing the present invention. Also, instead of the particular l,2-alkyleneimines and cyclic carbonates employed in the individual examples, one can use, to the best of my knowledge and belief, any other 1,2-alkyleneimine (in monomeric or polymeric form) and wherein the nitrogen atom of the monomeric imine is unsubstituted, or any other cyclic carbonate composed solely of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, numerous examples of which have been given hereinbefore.

' The properties of the fundamental resinous or non resinous reaction products of this invention can be varied widely by introducing other modifying bodies before, during or after effecting reaction between the primary components. Thus, as modifying agents 1 may use, for instance, urea and substituted ureas, aminotriazines (e. g., melamine, ammelide, ammeline, etc.), monohydric alcohols, e. g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, dodecyl, cetyl, lauryl, capryl, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, pentanol or mixtures of isomeric pentanols (which mixtures also mayinclude rr-pe'ntanol), cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, etc.; polyhydric alcohols, e. g., glycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and others such as are disclosed, for example, in Schaefer Patent No. 2,481,155; alcohol-ethers, e. g., ethylene glycol monornethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, etc.; phenol and substituted phenols; and the like.

Illustrative examples of other modifying bodies that can be incorporated into the fundamental reaction products, during their preparation or after they have been formed, are melamine-aldehyde condensation products (e. g., melamine-formaldehyde condensation products), urea-aldehyde condensation products (e. g., urea-formaldehyde condensation products), urea-melamine-aldehyde condensa tion products (e. g., urea-melamine-formaldehyde con densation products), protein-aldehyde condensation products, aminodiazine-aldehyde condensation products, aminotriazole-aldehyde condensation products, aniline-aldehyde condensation products, phenol-aldehyde condensation products (e. g., phenol-formaldehyde condensation products), furfural condensation products, modified or unmodified, saturated or unsaturated polyhydric alcoholpolycarboxylic acid reaction products, ester gums, watersoluble cellulose derivatives, natural gums and resins such as shellac, rosin, etc.; polyvinyl compounds such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl esters (e. g., polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyrate, etc.) polyvinyl others, including polyvinyl acetals, e. g., polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl butyral, etc.

Coating compositions may be prepared from certain of the thermosetting or potentially thermosetting resinous compositions of this invention alone or admixed with melamine-formaldehyde resins, fatty oil or fatty oil acid modified alkyd resins, or other film-forming materials commonly used in protective coating compositions. For example, a coating composition may be made containing, for instance, from 15 to 95 parts by weight of a thermosetting or potentially thermosetting resin of the kind with which this invention is concerned and from to 5 parts of a fatty oil or fatty oil acid-modified alkyd resin, numerous examples of which are given, for example, in Moore'Patent No. 2,218,474, dated October 15, 1940,

- Dyes, pigments, driers, curing agents (in some. cases where a more accelerated cure is desired), plasticizers, mold lubricants, opacifiers and various fillers (e. g., Wood flour, glass fibers, asbestos, mineral wool, mica dust, powdered quartz, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, talc, China clay, carbon black, etc.) may be compounded by conventional practice with the synthetic materials of my invention, as desired or as conditions may require, in order to provide a coating, molding or other composition best adapted to meet a particular service use. For additional or more detailed information concerning the modifying ingredients that may be employed in producing coating compositions from my resins, reference is made tothe aforementioned Moore patent. V

The modified and unmodified reaction products, more particularly resinous reaction products, of this invention have a wide variety'of uses, j For example in addition to their use in the production of coating compositions, they,

I may? berempldye'd' as modifiers of other. compatible. natural and synthetic-resins; including epoxy resins Thus, some. ofi themaadvantageously .may' be used to improve the j a a l 3. A=product of reactioni-at a temperature of glycerol carbonate, and wherein the ring oxygenatoms plasticity or flow, characteristicsof thermos etting resins 'ivhich have insufiicient or unsatisfactoryplasticity during curing to an insoluble, infusible state, e. g., certain ureaarticles wherein sheettmaterials, e. g., .paper, cloth, sheet :asbestos,'etc., are coated or coated and impregnated with aresinsolutiomfsuperimposed and thereafter united under.

.heatfandpressure; They also can be-employed asan 'adhe'sive inmaking laminated plywood, laminated. glass cloth, as an impregnant of pulp preforms from which molded articles thereafter are made by subjecting the'im pregnated preforms toheat and pressure, as beater-add? i j tivesin making paper,.as impregnants:forelectrical coils andfor other electrically insulating applications, re; bond- 'ingtogether I abrasive grains. in the production of resin- 7 bonded abrasive articles such, for instance, asfgrindstones, sand'papers, etc;, in the manufacture of electrical resistors; aspottingicompounds, etc. They also can be'used for treating textile materials'le, g., linen, rayon, and other.

' cellulose=containing textiles, wool, silk,'and othernatural orsynthetic proteinaceous textiles, including nylon-and textiles. derived from polyacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile" copolyiners, and from'casein, soyaheans, etc.),' infila'ment,

thread, yarn, fabric (woven orfelted) or other forms,1 in, order to improve the propertiesof such. textilematerialsr.

e.- g., .to increase. the stiffness, :to increase the service life to impart shrinkage fresistancetheretmior otherwise. to.

enhancethe 'propertiesofthe. treated materials and to 'make them 'IIlOl'fij-IJSBfUlTOI.S1'Vlcabl to the. ultimate user; They also maybe'employed for treating leather to improve its "appearance andphysical'propertiesr I The fiber-forniing '(high-molecular-weight)polymers of. this invention also can. be used in the productionof continuous-filament (monofilament 'and 'multifilament),

" threads or yarns, tow, and staple 'fib'ers,gfrom all ofyvhich usefularticl es of manufacture, ek-g. .fabrics,.can,bemade;

iI claimz .l. A composition composedfof carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and

ing. only. three carbon atomsandno carbon to-carbon V unsaturatiom; and the .said reaction productin' linear polymeric form being characterizedby the factg that j contains reactive terminal g'roups, 'onetof which-.isjhy:

droxy and the'other of which isj'th .re'sidue of analkyb eneimine correspondingto the alkyleneirnineof I 1;) U 2 2. A'product of reaction, at a temperatureofirom; about 2O-C. to about 10 0 C.,"of 'ethyleneirnine andta cyclic carbonate composed of carbon, hydrogenandgoxy; 1 i 1 gen atoms andg wheireingthe ringl oxygen'atoms adjacent; 7 {the carbonylgroupingare each bonded tqa ring carbon; f atom;; the r'ing containing: thelfsaid oxygen-arid carbon" atoms havingonlyfthree carboniatomsjand' no lcar bon-to grbqn unsaturation, the-said reaction product iu a linearpolymeric formbeingcharacterized by flieffact that l it 'con nsreactive terminalgroups,onejof whieh is. by magi-am ne other of which islthcfresidue-fofiethyl x m sg I .1 .1 if

comprising a product of reaction, at a 7 temperature of from about 20f C. to about 100 C. of tingredients comprising (1 axl,2-alkyleneirnine wherein ,the nitrogen atom is'unsubstitutedand (2) a cyclic carbonate from about 20 0. m about 190"" c., o 1 a LZ-plkyl;

U a cyclic carbon ate composed of'c'arb'on, hydrogenand i oxygerr atoms, and 'wherein'the ring oxygen atomsad- 1: acent the carbonyl grouping are each bonded -t' o'a'r1ng;

wherein the ring oxygen atoms adja'eent the carbqnylz g T grouping are'each' bonde'd to a ring carbon atom, .1116, j

' ring containing the said oxygenandrcarbongatomshavw ic Q t adjaceritthe carbonylgrouping are each'bonded 'to a ring carbon :atomjtheringlcontaining the said oxygen. and

carb n-tatoms having :only three carbon atoms and 'rio carbon-to-carbon unsaturation, and the saidtre'action' prod not in linearpolymeric .form'being characterizedby the; fact that it contains reactive terminal groups, 0I1 Of which is'hydroxy-and the other'of which the'residue f of ethyleneimine:

4. A fpro ductfof reaction, ata temperature of from" 1 about 20 C. to about (1., of -ethyleneimine-and ethylene carbonate,.;and wherein the ring oxygen a't'oms adjacent the carbonyl fgrouping, are each bonded; to a ring carbon atom, the'ri ng containing the said'oXyg en; and carbon atoms-having onlythree carborratomsandfno carbon-to-carbon unsaturat iomand the said reaction prod-.

uct 'in linear polymeric form being characterized by {the factthatiit containsreactiveterminalgroups, one btwhicn 7 is'hydroxy'a ndthe other.of:which is the residue of ethyl-1f I en'eim'ine. t a ,5. A product of reaction, at a temperature ofyfrom about-20"C..'to,:about: 100. .C., of ethyleneimine and. allyl..glycerol:- carbonate, and. wherein .the ring oxygen; v atomsqadjacentathe ca'rbonylfgrjouping are each bonded. to a, ring carbon atom, the ring; containing the "said; 7 'Oxygen and carbon atomshavingaonly three carbona'toms T r and no car'bon-to-carbon unsaturation, andthe said reac-'- tionproduct inlinear polymeric form being characterized by the fact that it contains reactive terminal groups,.

one. of which is hydroxy andf'the'otherof-which is the residue of 'ethyleneimine; r

e .;..6. .A product of reaction, at a temperat 'c offromg about 20 C.to about 100 C; of ethyleneimineand propylenecarbonateg'and wherein the ring-oxyg en atoms 7 adjacent the. carbonyl .g'roupingl are 'eachbonded' :to :a in s catb natqme h 'r naponta' n idf xrse 1 1 and 3l?0 ,.a m *h y g y th l o c a nogcarbon-to-carhon unsaturation; and the said reaction r productinjlinearlpolymeric form being characterizedby a the fact that it contains;reactivelterminal groups, onc of; fl. 's hydroxyjand thelother of whichlis the'residue f eneiinine a a v A 7-14 'laq i enza linea om o ti n. waiting; a

polymerizableproduct;.of reactioinat a temperature .of

eneimine wherein the nitrogen atom is unsubstituted and carbon atom, the ring containingfthe said oxygen and product in linear 'polymei'ic form being .characterizd b l the; faeetha it P x from about; 203 p. togabout l0fl C.,' of ethyleneimine'; and}:

W I contains-reactive"terminal groups, Queer .whieh islhyifi Xy and the othereof whiehisithq .r e'slduejjp. or n alkylerieir h'ine'feorrespondingto the'allcyleneiinine 10. A product comprising the polymerized composition of claim 9. V

11. The process which comprises reacting, at'a temperature of from about 20 C. to about 100 C., a 1,2- alkyleneimine, wherein the nitrogen atom is unsubstituted, with a cyclic carbonate composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and wherein the ring oxygen atoms adjacent the carbonyl grouping are each bonded to a ring carbon atom, the ring containing the said oxygen and carbon aoms having only three carbon atoms and no carbon-to-carbon unsaturation.

12. The process which comprises reacting, at a temperature of from about 20 C. to about 100 C., ethyleneimine with a cyclic carbonate composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and wherein the ring oxygen atoms adjacent the carbonyl grouping are each bonded to a ring carbon atom, the ring containing the said oxygen and carbon atoms having only three carbon atoms and no carbon-to-carbon unsaturation.

13. The process which comprises reacting, at a temperature of from about 20 C. to about 100 C., ethyleneimine and glycerol carbonate.

14. The process which comprises reacting, at a temperation of from about 20 C. to about 100 C., ethyleneimine and ethylene carbonate.

15. The process which comprises reacting, at a temperature of from about 20 C. to about 100 C., ethyleneimine and allyl glycerol carbonate.

16. The process which comprises reacting, at a temperature of from about 20 C. to about 100 C., ethyleneimine and propylene carbonate.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,325,552 Schleck July 17, 1943 2,448,767 Carlson Sept. 7, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS 961,754 France Nov. 28, 1949 711,408 Germany Oct. 1, 1941 OTHER REFERENCES Carothers: Collected Papers, Interscience, 1940, pp. 221 to 225. (Copyin Sci. Libr.)

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE 9F CG 'LI;

CTION Patent Non 2,824,857 February 25, 1958 Erhart K, Dreehsel It is hereby certified that error appears in the prlnted specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 1, line '71, strike out "ben column 2, line 67, for allgyleneimine" read elkgyleneimines column 3, line 55, after "by" insert a hyphen; column '7, line 26, for "curved" read cured column 9, line 63, for dii'lerent" read different column 12, line 60, for "a" read A column 13, line 10, for "aoms" read atoms Signed and sealed this 15th day of April 1958,

(SEAL) Attest:

KARL H, AXLINE ROBERT C. WATSON Attesting Officer Conmissioner of Patents 

1. A COMPOSITION COMPRISING A PRODUCT OF REACTION, AT A TEMPERATURE OF FROM ABOUT 20* C. TO ABOUT 100* C. OF INGREDIENTS COMPRISING (1) A 1,2-ALKYLENEIMINE WHEREIN THE NITROGEN ATOM IS UNSUBSTITUTED AND (2) A CYCLIC CARBONATE COMPOSED OF CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN ATOMS, AND WHEREIN THE RING OXYGEN ATOMS ADJACENT THE CARBONATE GROUPING ARE EACH BONDED TO A RING CARBON ATOM, THE RING CONTAINING THE SAID OXYGEN AND CARBON ATOMS HAVING ONLY THREE CARBON ATOMS AND NO CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATION, AND THE SAID REACTION PRODUCT IN LINEAR POLYMER FROM BEING CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT IT CONTAINS REACTIVE TERMINAL GROUPS, ONE OF WHICH IS HYDROXY AND THE OTHER OF WHICH IS THE RESIDUE OF AN ALKYLENEIMINE CORRESPONDING TO THE ALKYLENEIMINE OF (1). 